Everything about Grupo Colina totally explained
Grupo Colina was a paramilitary
death squad created in
Peru that was active from 1990 until 1994, during the administration of
Alberto Fujimori. The group is known for committing several
human rights abuses, including the
Barrios Altos massacre, the
La Cantuta massacre, and the
Santa massacre, as well as the murder of
Pedro Yauri.
Background
In 1980, Peruvian
Maoist Abimael Guzman launched a
guerrilla war with his group
Shining Path.
This war, as well as a war launched by the
leftist group known as the
Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement continued into the 1990s, when Alberto Fujimori was elected president. It was then that suspected guerrillas and civilians began dying at the hands of Grupo Colina.
Investigations
When the
Democratic Constitutional Congress investigated the La Cantuta massacre,
Nicolás Hermoza Ríos, Commander General of the Armed Forces, put
tanks on the streets and declared that he wouldn't tolerate the Congress insulting the armed forces. The Congress largely backed down.
Later, some members of Grupo Colina were put on trial. Fujimori signed a controversial law that granted amnesty to anyone accused of, tried for, convicted of, or sentenced for human rights violations that were committed by the armed forces or police. When a court found this law unconstitutional, Fujimori signed a new law removing the right of
judicial review over amnesty laws. This second law was known as the "Barrios Altos Law" because it ensured that those members of Grupo Colina who committed the Barrios Altos massacre would be freed. Eventually, the
Inter-American Court of Human Rights struck down both amnesty laws.
Since the collapse of the Fujimori government, several people have been tried for Grupo Colina's crimes,
including Fujimori himself, who is being tried for the La Cantuta massacre and the Barrios Altos massacre. Other trials have established that Grupo Colina wasn't and informal group of renegade officers but an organic part of the Peruvian state.
Julio Salazar, former
de jure chief of the
National Intelligence Service (SIN), was sentenced to thirty-five years of
prison for his role in the La Cantuta massacre. During Salazar's tenure at the SIN,
Vladimiro Montesinos was the
de facto SIN chief and national security advisor. Montesinos is currently imprisoned in the
Callao Military Prison outside of
Lima and faces over seventy trials for various human rights abuses, as well as charges of
arms trafficking,
drug trafficking, and
political corruption. The operational chief of Grupo Colina,
Santiago Martín Rivas, is also imprisoned.
Further Information
Get more info on 'Grupo Colina'.
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